Hi,
it’s my first post on this forum.
I am trying to create a 2d tube simulation but the results i’m getting are rather unusual. The velocity is higher in the inlet and outlet before it reaches a steady state in all the tube. Is it normal? I expected it to slowly grow from the inlet to the outlet as time passed until it reached a steady state. I would appreciate any help. Here is the code i used:
#include "xflows2D.h"
#ifndef XFL_PRECOMPILED // Unless precompiled version is used,
#include "xflows2D.hh" // include full template code
#endif
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace xfl;
using namespace xfl::descriptors;
using namespace std;
typedef double T;
#define DESCRIPTOR D2Q9Descriptor
/// Velocity on the parabolic Poiseuille profile
T poiseuilleVelocity(xint iY, IncomprFlowParam<T> const& parameters) {
T y = (T)iY / parameters.getResolution();
return 4.*parameters.getLatticeU() * (y-y*y);
}
/// Linearly decreasing pressure profile
T poiseuillePressure(xint iX, IncomprFlowParam<T> const& parameters) {
T Lx = parameters.getNx()-1;
T Ly = parameters.getNy()-1;
return 8.*parameters.getLatticeNu()*parameters.getLatticeU() / (Ly*Ly) * (Lx/(T)2-(T)iX);
}
/// Convert pressure to density according to ideal gas law
T poiseuilleDensity(xint iX, IncomprFlowParam<T> const& parameters) {
return poiseuillePressure(iX,parameters)*DESCRIPTOR<T>::invCs2 + (T)1;
}
/// A functional, used to initialize the velocity for the boundary conditions
template<typename T>
class PoiseuilleVelocity {
public:
PoiseuilleVelocity(IncomprFlowParam<T> parameters_)
: parameters(parameters_)
{ }
void operator()(xint iX, xint iY, Array<T,2>& u) const {
u[0] = poiseuilleVelocity(iY, parameters);
u[1] = T();
}
private:
IncomprFlowParam<T> parameters;
};
/// A functional, used to initialize the density for the boundary conditions
template<typename T>
class PoiseuilleDensity {
public:
PoiseuilleDensity(IncomprFlowParam<T> parameters_)
: parameters(parameters_)
{ }
T operator()(xint iX, xint iY) const {
return poiseuilleDensity(iX,parameters);
}
private:
IncomprFlowParam<T> parameters;
};
/// A functional, used to create an initial condition for with zero velocity,
/// and linearly decreasing pressure.
template<typename T>
class PoiseuilleDensityAndZeroVelocity {
public:
PoiseuilleDensityAndZeroVelocity(IncomprFlowParam<T> parameters_)
: parameters(parameters_)
{ }
void operator()(xint iX, xint iY, T& rho, Array<T,2>& u) const {
rho = poiseuilleDensity(iX,parameters);
u[0] = T();
u[1] = T();
}
private:
IncomprFlowParam<T> parameters;
};
enum InletOutletT {pressure, velocity};
template<typename T>
class tubeDomain2D : public xfl::DomainFunctional2D {
public:
tubeDomain2D(xfl::xint width_, xfl::xint ypos_)
: width(width_),
ypos(ypos_)
{ }
virtual bool operator() (xfl::xint iX, xfl::xint iY) const {
return iY < ypos || iY > ypos + width;
}
virtual tubeDomain2D<T>* clone() const {
return new tubeDomain2D<T>(*this);
}
private:
xfl::xint width;
xfl::xint ypos;
};
void channelSetup( BlockLatticeBase2D<T,DESCRIPTOR>& lattice,
IncomprFlowParam<T> const& parameters,
OnLatticeBoundaryCondition2D<T,DESCRIPTOR>& boundaryCondition,
InletOutletT inletOutlet )
{
const xint nx = parameters.getNx();
const xint ny = parameters.getNy();
// Note: The following approach illustrated here works only with boun-
// daries which are located on the outmost cells of the lattice. For
// boundaries inside the lattice, you need to use the version of
// "setVelocityConditionOnBlockBoundaries" which takes two Box2D
// arguments.
// Velocity boundary condition on bottom wall.
boundaryCondition.setVelocityConditionOnBlockBoundaries (
lattice, Box2D(0, nx-1, 1, 1),boundary::dirichlet );
// Velocity boundary condition on top wall.
boundaryCondition.setVelocityConditionOnBlockBoundaries (
lattice, Box2D(0, nx-1, ny-2, ny-2),boundary::dirichlet );
// Pressure resp. velocity boundary condition on the inlet and outlet.
if (inletOutlet == pressure) {
// Note: pressure boundary conditions are currently implemented
// only for edges of the boundary, and not for corner nodes.
boundaryCondition.setPressureConditionOnBlockBoundaries (
lattice, Box2D(0,0, 1,ny-2) );
boundaryCondition.setPressureConditionOnBlockBoundaries (
lattice, Box2D(nx-1,nx-1, 1,ny-2) );
}
else {
boundaryCondition.setVelocityConditionOnBlockBoundaries (
lattice, Box2D(0,0, 2,ny-3), boundary::neumann );
boundaryCondition.setVelocityConditionOnBlockBoundaries (
lattice, Box2D(nx-1,nx-1, 2,ny-3) , boundary::outflow );
}
// Define the value of the imposed density on all nodes which have previously been
// defined to be pressure boundary nodes.
setBoundaryDensity (
lattice, lattice.getBoundingBox(),
PoiseuilleDensity<T>(parameters) );
// Define the value of the imposed velocity on all nodes which have previously been
// defined to be velocity boundary nodes.
setBoundaryVelocity (
lattice, lattice.getBoundingBox(),
PoiseuilleVelocity<T>(parameters) );
// Initialize all cells at an equilibrium distribution, with a velocity and density
// value of the analytical Poiseuille solution.
initializeAtEquilibrium (
lattice, lattice.getBoundingBox(),
PoiseuilleDensityAndZeroVelocity<T>(parameters) );
defineDynamics(lattice, lattice.getBoundingBox(),
new tubeDomain2D<T>(58,1),
new xfl::BounceBack<T,DESCRIPTOR>);
// Call initialize to get the lattice ready for the simulation.
lattice.initialize();
}
/// Produce a GIF snapshot of the velocity-norm.
void writeGif(MultiBlockLattice2D<T,DESCRIPTOR>& lattice, xint iter)
{
const xint imSize = 600;
ImageWriter<T> imageWriter("leeloo");
imageWriter.writeScaledGif(createFileName("u", iter, 6),
*computeVelocityNorm(lattice),
imSize, imSize );
}
/// Write the full velocity and the velocity-norm into a VTK file.
void writeVTK(MultiBlockLattice2D<T,DESCRIPTOR>& lattice,
IncomprFlowParam<T> const& parameters, xint iter)
{
T dx = parameters.getDeltaX();
T dt = parameters.getDeltaT();
VtkImageOutput2D<T> vtkOut(createFileName("vtk", iter, 6), dx);
vtkOut.writeData<float>(*computeVelocityNorm(lattice), "velocityNorm", dx/dt);
vtkOut.writeData<2,float>(*computeVelocity(lattice), "velocity", dx/dt);
}
T computeRMSerror ( MultiBlockLattice2D<T,DESCRIPTOR>& lattice,
IncomprFlowParam<T> const& parameters )
{
MultiTensorField2D<T,2> analyticalVelocity(lattice);
setToFunction( analyticalVelocity, analyticalVelocity.getBoundingBox(),
PoiseuilleVelocity<T>(parameters) );
MultiTensorField2D<T,2> numericalVelocity(lattice);
computeVelocity(lattice, numericalVelocity, lattice.getBoundingBox());
// Divide by lattice velocity to normalize the error
return 1./parameters.getLatticeU() *
// Compute RMS difference between analytical and numerical solution
std::sqrt( computeAverage( *computeNormSqr(
*subtract(analyticalVelocity, numericalVelocity)
) ) );
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
xflInit(&argc, &argv);
global::directories().setOutputDir("./tmp/");
IncomprFlowParam<T> parameters(
(T) 2e-2, // uMax
(T) 5., // Re
60, // N
3., // lx
1. // ly
);
const T logT = (T)0.1;
const T imSave = (T)0.01;
const T vtkSave = (T)2.;
const T maxT = (T)5.1;
// Change this variable to "pressure" if you prefer a pressure boundary
// condition with Poiseuille profile for the inlet and the outlet.
const InletOutletT inletOutlet = velocity;
writeLogFile(parameters, "Poiseuille flow");
MultiBlockLattice2D<T, DESCRIPTOR> lattice (
parameters.getNx(), parameters.getNy(),
new BGKdynamics<T,DESCRIPTOR>(parameters.getOmega()) );
OnLatticeBoundaryCondition2D<T,DESCRIPTOR>*
boundaryCondition = createLocalBoundaryCondition2D<T,DESCRIPTOR>();
channelSetup(lattice, parameters, *boundaryCondition, inletOutlet);
// Main loop over time iterations.
for (xint iT=0; iT*parameters.getDeltaT()<maxT; ++iT) {
if (iT%parameters.nStep(imSave)==0) {
xcout << "Saving Gif ..." << endl;
writeGif(lattice, iT);
}
if (iT%parameters.nStep(vtkSave)==0 && iT>0) {
xcout << "Saving VTK file ..." << endl;
writeVTK(lattice, parameters, iT);
}
if (iT%parameters.nStep(logT)==0) {
xcout << "step " << iT
<< "; t=" << iT*parameters.getDeltaT()
<< "; RMS error=" << computeRMSerror(lattice, parameters);
Array<T,2> uCenter;
lattice.get(parameters.getNx()/2,parameters.getNy()/2).computeVelocity(uCenter);
xcout << "; center velocity=" << uCenter[0]/parameters.getLatticeU() << endl;
}
// Lattice Boltzmann iteration step.
lattice.collideAndStream();
}
delete boundaryCondition;
}
Sorry for the long post couldn’t find spoiler tags. Thanks again
Nick.